Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig)

Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) by Darryl Laws

Many Americans do not realize that Scotland Ireland have their own language.

Scotland's Gaelic language and culture have been undergoing a remarkable revival of Gaelic over the past several decades. The language, traditional music and folklore of the Gaels have been the subject of a renewed interest worldwide. Gaelic-language publishing, broadcasting and education have all increased during this period.

According to James Mac Laren ‘s “Beginner’s Gaelic” (Hippocrene Books) Scottish Gaelic is spoken by approximately sixty thousand people in Scotland (Alba), mainly in the Highlands (a' Ghaidhealtachd) and in the Western Isles (Na h-Eileanan an Iar), but also in Glasgow (Glaschu), Edinburgh (Dùn Eideann) and Inverness (Inbhir Nis).

There are also small Gaelic-speaking communities in Canada, particularly in Nova Scotia (Alba Nuadh) and on Cape Breton Island (Eilean Cheap Breatainn). Other speakers can be found in Australia (Astràilia), New Zealand (Sealainn Nuadh) and the USA (Na Stàitean Aonaichte).

Historians believe that Scottish Gaelic is closely related to Manx and Irish and that the language was brought to Scotland in the 4th century AD by the Scots from Ireland. Scottish Gaelic was spoken throughout Scotland between the 9th and 11th centuries, but diminished to only being spoken in the north and west in the 11th century.

Scottish Gaelic is also distantly related to Welsh (Cymraeg), Cornish (Kernewek) and Breton (Brezhoneg), which form the Brythonic branch of the Celtic languages, also known as P-Celtic. The Celtic languages all have a similar grammatical structure, but have relatively little vocabulary in common.

The earliest identifiably texts in Scottish Gaelic are notes in the Book of Deer written in north eastern Scotland in the 12th century, although the existence of a common written Classical Gaelic concealed the extent of the divergence between Irish and Scottish Gaelic.

The Scottish Gaelic alphabet

Scottish Gaelic is written with just 18 letters each of which is named after a tree or shrub. The consonants all have more than one pronunciation depending on their position in a word and which vowels precede or follow them.

A a	B b	C c	D d	E e	F f	G g	H h	I i
Ailm (Elm)	Beith (Birch)	Coll (Hazel)	Dair (Oak)	Eadha (Aspen)	Fearn (Alder)	Gort (Ivy)	Uath (Hawthorn)	Iogh (Yew)
L l	M m	N n	O o	P p	R r	S s	T t	U u
Luis (Rowan)	Muin (Vine)	Nuin (Ash)	Oir/Onn (Gorse)	Peithe (Guelder Rose)	Ruis (Elder)	Suil (Willow)	Teine (Furze)	Ur (Heather)

A grave accent on a vowel (Àà, Èè, Ìì, Òò and Ùù) indicates a longer version of the vowel, but these are not considered separate letters.

                                         

The older Gaelic (uncial) script or "corr litir" has not been used for several centuries in Scotland, and has never been used in printed Gaelic. The uncial

script is still used in Ireland on road signs and public notices.

Darryl Laws is the Managing Member at Jermyn Street Capital LLC.

The Epitome of Honor

Those of us whom are former combat Marines understand better then anyone else the debt of honor earned by those Marines who shed their blood on foreign soil and did not return home to their families. Recently the HBO mini-series, “The Pacific", from the book authored by Hugh Ambrose rekindled my reverence for John Basilone’s memory. I read in reviews that in preparation for the mini-series researchers discovered that John Basilone was not killed by a Japanese mortar as originally thought. Instead, Gunny Basilone was killed by small arms fire that hit him in the right groin, the neck and took off his left arm completely.

During the Battle for Henderson Field, on Guadalcanal, John Basilone’s unit came under attack by a Japanese regiment of approximately three thousand soldiers from the Sendai Division. Historians have recorded the attack occurring on 24 October 1942, in which Japanese troops commenced a frontal attack using machine guns and mortars against Basilone’s two sections of machine guns. The battle lasted for two days. In the end until Basilone and two other Marines remained alive.

Basilone continued to fight by moving an extra gun into position and continued to fire upon the incoming Japanese. During this time he repaired and manned another machine gun that enabled him to hold the defensive line until replacements arrived. As battle raged, a shortage of ammunition occurred. Cut off from his headquarters’ base and supplies, Basilone fought through American lines that had been overrun in order to resupply his machine gunners.

It is reported that the following morning Basilone fought Japanese soldiers using only a .45 pistol. At the end of the battle the Japanese regiment had been destroyed. For his actions during this battle, John Basilone received the Medal of Honor.

Subsequent to his tour of duty on Guadalcanal Gunnery Sgt. Basilone was sent back to the United States to participate in the promotion of War Bonds sales to finance the war. Longing to return to action he requested to return to the combat. He was assigned to Charlie Company, 1st Battalion,  27th Marine Regiment, 5th Marine Division that participated in the invasion of Iwo Jima.

On February 19, 1945, he was a machine gun section leader fighting on Red Beach II. His unit became pinned down so John Basilone maneuvered his way around the Japanese position. He then attacked and single-handedly destroyed their strength. He then fought his way toward Airfield Number 1. As he moved along the edge of the airfield, small arms fire struck him and killed him. For his valor during the battle of Iwo Jima, he was posthumously awarded the Navy Cross, the Marine Corps second highest award.


John Basilone is a role model for the honor that men under fire that rise to the occasion time and time again.Gunnery Sgt. Basilone is interred in Arlington National Cemetery. His grave can be found in Section 12, Grave 384, Grid Y/Z 23.5.

God be with him.

Darryl Laws is the Managing Member at Jermyn Street Capital LLC.

Darryl Laws - What you may not know about CDMA.

Fact or Fiction? What you may not know about CDMA!

Wikipedia defines CDMA as one of the concepts in data communication allowing several transmitters to send information simultaneously over a single communication channel. This allows several users to share a band of frequencies (see bandwidth). This concept is called multiple access. CDMA employs spread-spectrum technology and a special coding scheme (where each transmitter is assigned a code) to allow multiple users to be multiplexed over the same physical channel. By contrast, time division multiple access (TDMA) divides access by time, while frequency-division multiple access (FDMA) divides it by frequency. CDMA is a form of spread-spectrum signaling, since the modulated coded signal has a much higher data bandwidth than the data being communicated.



Today CDMA, or Code Division Multiple Access, is a competing cell phone service technology to GSM. CDMA uses a “spread-spectrum” technique whereby electromagnetic energy is spread to allow for a signal with a wider bandwidth. This allows multiple people on multiple cell phones to be “multiplexed” over the same channel to share a bandwidth of frequencies. With CDMA technology, data and voice packets are separated using codes and then transmitted using a wide frequency range. Since more space is often allocated for data with CDMA, this standard became attractive for 3G high-speed mobile Internet use.

The CDMA standard was designed by Qualcomm, based in San Diego, CA, using Hedy Lamarr’s notion that multiple frequencies could be used to send a single radio transmission or frequency hopping. This notion provided the basis for the CDMA air link, which Qualcomm commercialized in 1995. Hedy Lamarr has been described as one of the most beautiful woman in the world. She was one of Hollywood’s most glamorous actresses of the 1930’s and 40’s starred in such films as Sampson and Delilah and Algiers.

Darryl Laws is the Managing Member at Jermyn Street Capital LLC.